Dashboard overview¶

The K1S dashboard provides a structured interface for monitoring and configuring the system.

Main dashboard page¶

The main dashboard provides a high-level overview of the K1S:

System Displays overall K1S status and health.
Services Shows active and running system services.
Network Ports Lists active ports and their usage.
VPN Displays VPN status and connectivity information.
Radio Modules Shows the current modulation and radio configuration.

Radio page¶

The Radio page is used to monitor radio traffic and configure the RF parameters of the K1S.

The K1S contains two independently configurable radio modules, Radio A and Radio B. Each radio can be configured separately, allowing different channels or radio parameters to be used as required.

Radio traffic¶

The upper section of the page displays live transmitted and received radio traffic.

For each packet, the dashboard displays information including:

TRX – indicates whether the packet was transmitted (TX) or received (RX).
Time – time at which the packet was transmitted or received.
RSSI – received signal strength for incoming packets, displayed in dBm.
Length – size of the packet in bytes.
Preview – hexadecimal preview of the packet contents.
ASCII – ASCII representation of the packet data where applicable.
CRC32 – CRC32 value associated with the packet.

The status bar below each traffic panel displays the current RX, TX, and combined data rates. For received traffic, the most recent RSSI value is also displayed.

Radio configuration¶

Radio A and Radio B are configured independently using their respective panels.

Use the Sub-GHz and 2.4 GHz selectors to view and configure the parameters for the required frequency band.

Available settings include:

Frequency (MHz) – sets the operating frequency of the radio.
Channel – selects the radio channel.
Spacing (kHz) – sets the channel spacing.
Modulation – selects the modulation method used by the radio.
MCS – selects the Modulation and Coding Scheme used for the radio link.
BW Option – selects the configured bandwidth option.
PDT – configures the radio's PDT parameter.
TX Power – adjusts the radio transmit power, displayed in dBm.

Radios that are intended to communicate with each other must use compatible radio settings. In particular, verify that the required frequency, channel and modulation parameters are configured consistently across the devices.

Apply and reset¶

After changing radio parameters, select Apply to apply the new configuration to that radio.

Select Reset to reset the configuration shown in the panel.

Changes to Radio A and Radio B are applied independently.

Test connectivity¶

The Test button can be used to send a test message over the selected radio.

This provides a quick way to confirm that two K1S radios can communicate using the current RF configuration. The transmitted and received packets can be observed in the traffic panels above.

Reticulum page¶

The Reticulum page provides visibility into the K1S mesh networking layer and can be used to monitor Reticulum destinations, active links, and network activity.

The summary at the top of the page provides an overview of the current Reticulum status:

Incoming links – number of active links established to the K1S from other destinations.
Outgoing links – number of active links established by the K1S to other destinations.
Local hash – the local Reticulum identity hash of the K1S.
My destinations – number of Reticulum destinations currently hosted by the K1S.
RX errors – number of receive errors reported by the Reticulum interface.
TX errors – number of transmit errors reported by the Reticulum interface.

Incoming and outgoing links¶

The Incoming Links and Outgoing Links sections provide information about active Reticulum links.

For each link, the dashboard can display:

Link ID – identifier for the Reticulum link.
Destination – destination associated with the link.
Status – current state of the link.
RTT – round-trip time for the link.
Packets – number of packets transferred over the link.
Bytes – amount of data transferred over the link.
Last Event – most recent activity associated with the link.

Incoming links represent connections established to the local K1S, while outgoing links represent connections initiated by the local K1S.

These sections can be used to confirm that links are being established and to monitor activity between Reticulum destinations.

My destinations¶

The My Destinations section lists Reticulum destinations hosted locally by the K1S.

For each destination, the dashboard displays:

Name – name of the local service or destination.
Destination – Reticulum destination hash.
Type – type of service associated with the destination, such as VPN.
State – current state of the destination.

A running state indicates that the corresponding local destination is active.

Open destinations¶

The Open Destinations section displays other Reticulum destinations observed by the K1S.

For each observed destination, the dashboard can display:

Destination – Reticulum destination hash.
Seen Via – interface or path through which the destination was observed.
State – current state of the destination.

This section can be used to verify that destinations elsewhere on the mesh are being discovered by the local K1S.

If no links or remote destinations have been observed, the corresponding sections remain empty.

VPN page¶

The VPN page is used to configure, monitor, and troubleshoot the K1S VPN. It provides an overview of the local VPN interface, connected peers, network routes, and peer access settings.

The status bar at the top of the page shows the current VPN state and key network information, including:

Tunnel IP – IP address assigned to the K1S VPN tunnel interface.
WLAN0 IP – IP address assigned to the WLAN interface, when available.
USB0 IP – IP address assigned to the USB network interface, when available.
Network – IP network used by the VPN.
My Hash – Reticulum identity hash of the local K1S.
TX Bytes / TX Packets – amount of data and number of packets transmitted through the VPN.
RX Bytes / RX Packets – amount of data and number of packets received through the VPN.
Drops – number of VPN packets reported as dropped.
Peers – number of currently connected VPN peers.

A Running status indicates that the VPN service is active.

This device¶

The This Device section displays information used to identify the local K1S on the VPN.

It includes:

Interface – name of the local VPN tunnel interface.
Identity – Reticulum identity hash associated with the device.
QR code – provides a convenient way to share the device identity with another K1S.
Copy – copies the device identity for use when adding the device as a peer.

The QR code can be scanned using an external camera application to open an add-peer shortcut.

Exported VPN aliases¶

The Exported VPN Aliases section shows the VPN alias associated with the K1S local network.

Each K1S retains its own local subnet. An exported VPN alias provides an address range through which that subnet can be reached from other K1S devices across the VPN.

This allows devices connected locally to one K1S to communicate with devices located behind another K1S without requiring the local subnets of each radio to be changed.

Advertise routes¶

The Advertise routes control is used to advertise the K1S local network to VPN peers.

When routes are advertised, connected peers can learn how to reach devices on the local network through the K1S.

Client access¶

The Client Access section displays routes to remote networks that are available to devices connected directly to the K1S through its Wi-Fi access point or USB network connection.

Once a remote K1S is connected and has advertised its local subnet, its VPN alias appears in this section.

Devices connected to the local K1S can then use the remote VPN alias to reach devices on the remote K1S network.

Peer access¶

The Peer Access section controls which discovered K1S VPN peers are permitted to connect.

Two access methods are available:

Allow connections from any peer – permits discovered VPN peers to connect without being individually added to the allowlist.
Allowlist – restricts access to peers whose destination hashes have been explicitly added.

To add a peer manually, enter the destination hash from the other K1S and select Add.

The destination hash can be copied from the VPN page of the remote K1S. Alternatively, its QR code can be scanned using an external camera application to open the add-peer shortcut.

The current access mode is displayed at the top-right of the section.

Connected peers¶

The Connected Peers section displays K1S devices currently connected to the VPN.

Peers are discovered automatically when another compatible K1S is within radio range, is permitted by the peer access settings, and is running the same VPN network configuration.

If no compatible peers are currently available, the section displays No peers discovered yet.

Advanced / Debug¶

The Advanced / Debug section provides additional VPN identity and routing information for diagnostics.

It displays the full identity hash of the local K1S and the mapping between the local network and its exported VPN alias.

The Local → VPN Alias Mapping table includes:

Local Subnet – subnet used by devices connected locally to the K1S.
Tunnel IP – VPN tunnel address assigned to the K1S.
Exported VPN Alias – subnet advertised through the VPN to represent the local network.

The Remote VPN Aliases table displays routes learned from connected K1S peers, including:

VPN Alias – alias assigned to the remote network.
Owner – peer associated with the route.
Status – current state of the route.
Last Seen – most recent time the remote route was observed.
Installed – indicates whether the route has been installed locally.

This section is primarily intended for troubleshooting VPN connectivity and verifying route advertisement between K1S devices.

Plugins page¶

The Plugins page is used to manage and extend the functionality of the K1S.

The K1S uses a plugin-based architecture that allows additional services and integrations to be installed as required. Plugins can be installed, updated, started, stopped, restarted, or removed directly from the dashboard.

By default, the K1S includes the following core components:

Kaonic Gateway – provides the Kaonic dashboard and associated gateway services.
Kaonic Communication Daemon – provides core communication services used by the K1S.

Additional plugins can be installed depending on the required application.

Available plugins¶

Kaonic plugins include:

Kaonic ATAK Bridge – provides a bridge between local ATAK traffic and the Reticulum network, allowing ATAK data to be transported across the Kaonic mesh.
Kaonic Audio PTT – provides Push-to-Talk (PTT) audio functionality for voice communication over the Kaonic network.
Reticulum MAVLink Flight Controller Bridge – provides MAVLink integration between a flight controller and the Reticulum network.
Reticulum MAVLink Ground Control Bridge – provides MAVLink integration between a Ground Control Station (GCS) and the Reticulum network.

Plugins that are not required for a particular deployment do not need to be installed or running.

Managing plugins¶

Installed plugins are displayed on the left side of the page together with their version and current service state.

Selecting a plugin opens its details, where information can include:

Plugin version and release channel.
Service name.
Package SHA-256 hash.
Source repository.
Webview availability.
TLS status.
Current service state.
Process ID and resource information.

Depending on the plugin, available controls include:

Update – install a newer package or replace the currently installed plugin.
Stop – stop the plugin service.
Restart – restart the plugin service.
Delete – remove the plugin from the K1S.

The Live Service State section provides information about the underlying service and can be used to verify whether a plugin is active and running.

Installing plugins¶

Select Install to install a compatible plugin package on the K1S.

Plugin packages are distributed as ZIP files containing the files required by the Kaonic plugin system. Once installed, the plugin appears in the installed plugins list and can be managed from the dashboard.

Custom plugins¶

Custom plugins can also be developed and installed on the K1S, allowing the platform to be extended for application-specific hardware, software, protocols, or integrations.

A custom plugin package can include:

A kaonic-plugin.toml manifest.
A systemd service definition.
The plugin executable or binary.
An optional files/ directory containing additional runtime assets.

Custom plugins are packaged as ZIP files and can be installed through the same Install interface as Kaonic-provided plugins.

This allows additional functionality to be integrated into the K1S without modifying the core Kaonic software.

Network page¶

The Network page is used to view and configure the K1S network interfaces and Wi-Fi operating mode.

The page displays the current Wi-Fi mode, the K1S IP address, network status, and detailed information about the active network interfaces.

Wi-Fi mode¶

The K1S can operate in two Wi-Fi modes:

Access Point (AP) mode – the K1S creates its own Wi-Fi network that other devices, such as laptops, tablets, or phones, can connect to directly.
Station mode – the K1S connects to an existing Wi-Fi network as a client.

The current mode is shown at the top of the Wi-Fi panel.

Access Point mode¶

Access Point is the default Wi-Fi operating mode.

In this mode, the K1S creates a Wi-Fi network that can be used to access the dashboard and other network services.

By default, the K1S management network uses:

K1S IP address: 192.168.10.1
Subnet: 192.168.10.0/24

Devices connected to the K1S Wi-Fi network can access the dashboard using either the IP address:

https://192.168.10.1/

or the K1S hostname followed by .local:

https://<hostname>.local/

For example, if the K1S hostname is:

kaonic1s-LIM3MEZXR3NF4DCU

the dashboard can be accessed at:

https://LIM3MEZXR3NF4DCU.local/

The hostname for the K1S can be found on the System page under Hostname.

Using the .local address can be convenient when working with multiple K1S devices, as each device can be accessed using its individual hostname rather than its IP address.

Select Access Point to switch the Wi-Fi interface to AP mode.

Station mode¶

In Station mode, the K1S connects to an existing Wi-Fi network instead of creating its own access point.

This can be useful when the K1S needs to join an existing LAN or when the dashboard should be accessed through an existing Wi-Fi infrastructure.

When switching to Station mode, configure the required Wi-Fi network credentials. Once connected, the K1S receives network settings appropriate for that network.

The K1S may no longer be available at 192.168.10.1 while operating in Station mode. Use the IP address assigned on the connected network to access the device.

Network status¶

The Wi-Fi panel displays information about the current network configuration, including:

IP Address – current management IP address of the K1S.
Backend – network backend used by the system.
Status – current state of the network service.
Mode – confirms whether Access Point or Station mode is currently enabled.

Interfaces¶

The Interfaces section displays detailed information about the network interfaces available on the K1S.

This information includes interface addresses, network masks, interface state, and RX/TX packet statistics.

Interfaces shown can include:

br0 – network bridge used for local K1S connectivity.
kaonic-vpn0 – virtual network interface used by the Kaonic VPN.
lo – local loopback interface used internally by the operating system.
Additional Wi-Fi, USB, or network interfaces when available.

The interface information is primarily intended for network configuration verification and troubleshooting.

Refresh network information¶

Select Refresh to update the network information displayed on the page.

This can be useful after changing Wi-Fi mode, connecting to a network, or when troubleshooting network connectivity.

Media page¶

The Media page provides controls for audio hardware connected to the K1S and is the interface for current and future media functionality.

Audio¶

The Audio section provides controls for the K1S audio interfaces. Detected audio hardware is displayed at the top of the section together with its current status.

The available audio controls include:

Speaker – controls the output level of the connected speaker.
Headphones – controls the output level of connected headphones.
Microphone – controls the input level of the microphone.

The level indicators provide a visual representation of the configured level for each audio interface.

Speaker and headphone controls¶

The Speaker and Headphones sections provide:

Volume – adjusts the output volume.
Mute – mutes the selected audio output.
Test – plays a test output to verify that the selected audio device is operating correctly.

The current volume is displayed as a percentage.

Microphone controls¶

The Microphone section provides:

Volume – adjusts the microphone input level.
Mute – mutes the microphone input.

The current microphone level is displayed as a percentage.

Select Save after making changes to store the audio configuration.

The Ready indicator confirms that the detected audio controls are available.

Camera¶

The Camera section is reserved for camera integration and video functionality.

Planned controls include:

Live camera preview.
Camera operating mode.
Zoom.
Exposure.
Snapshot capture.
Video recording.

Camera integration and streaming preview are coming soon. The camera controls currently displayed on this page are placeholders and are not yet available for operational use.

System page¶

The System page provides identification, software, hardware, and security information for the K1S.

It can be used to identify a specific K1S, check the installed system version, view hardware resources, access certificate information, and reboot the device.

Device information¶

The Device section displays information that uniquely identifies the K1S and its current software environment.

It includes:

Serial – unique serial number assigned to the K1S.
Codename – user-configurable name that can be used to identify the device.
Hostname – network hostname assigned to the K1S.
OS – operating system, build, and kernel information.
Arch – processor architecture used by the system.

The Rename button can be used to change the device codename, making individual K1S devices easier to identify when working with multiple radios.

Hostname¶

The Hostname identifies the K1S on the local network.

For example:

kaonic1s-LIM3MEZXR3NF4DCU

When connected to the K1S in Access Point mode, the hostname can also be used to access the dashboard by appending .local:

https://kaonic1s-LIM3MEZXR3NF4DCU.local/

This provides an alternative to accessing the dashboard using the default 192.168.10.1 address.

Certificates¶

The System page displays information about the certificates used by the K1S for secure local connections.

It includes:

Certs dir – location of the certificate files on the K1S.
Root CA – provides the K1S root CA certificate for download.
TLS cert – location of the TLS certificate used by the system.
TLS key – location of the corresponding TLS private key.

The Root CA certificate can be downloaded and installed on a client device when required to establish trust for HTTPS connections to the K1S.

System specifications¶

The Specs section provides an overview of the computing resources available on the K1S.

It displays:

CPU – processor architecture and revision.
Cores – number of available processor cores.
Memory – system memory available to the operating system.
Storage – available system storage.

These values can be useful when checking device resources or troubleshooting system and plugin operation.

Reboot¶

Select Reboot to restart the K1S.

Rebooting temporarily interrupts radio, network, VPN, plugin, and dashboard services while the device restarts. Allow the K1S time to complete its boot process before attempting to reconnect.